Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance
type: channel
description: Covers political theory, law, international relations, and public administration.
publisher: Tresearch OU
language: en
publication name: Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance
issn: 3059-8303
items: SAKIBPHOBIA, SOCIO-STABILITY, AND “SAKIBISM” AS CRITICAL APPROACHES IN SOCIOLEGAL RESEARCH: FORMAL MODELS, DATASETS, AND COMPUTATIONAL ASSESSMENT
items: EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THIRD-PARTY FUNDING ON EXPANDING ACCESS TO ARBITRATION IN NIGERIA: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS.
items: A REVIEW OF THE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR FOREIGN PARTICIPATION IN THE NIGERIAN BUSINESS ECOSYSTEM
items: THE GOVERNMENT STACK 2.0: A COMPOSABLE ARCHITECTURE THEORY FOR HYPERSCALE PUBLIC INNOVATION
items: BALANCING COPYRIGHT PROTECTION & CREATIVE FREEDOM IN THEDIGITAL AGE: PATHWAY FOR ADAPTATION OF CREATIVE WORKS ONDIGITAL PLATFORMS IN NIGERIA
items: AN ANALYSIS ON THE LEGAL APPROACHES TO COMBAT PLASTIC POLLUTION IN BANGLADESH
items: TRANSFER PRICING IN INDIA: LITIGATION TRENDS AND POLICYRECOMMENDATIONS FOR DISPUTE RESOLUTION
items: E-Contracts and the Applicability of the Contract Act, 1872 in the Digital Era
items: S M Nazmuz Sakib’s National Electoral and Political Reform Mechanism (SAKIB’S NEPRM) Doctrine: A Ground-Up Approach to Fostering Transparent Democracy
items: Enforcing Stability through S M Nazmuz Sakib Socio-Stability Law and Societal Self-Preservation Through Marriage, Gender Roles, and Economic Control
items: The S M Nazmuz Sakib Theory of International Relations (SIR Theory)
items: PROTECTION OF MUSLIM WOMEN'S RIGHTS THROUGH MARRIAGE REGISTRATION IN BANGLADESH: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
items: Sakibism and Sakibphobia in International Law and Politics: Conceptual Infographical Assessment of two theories of S M Nazmuz Sakib
items: S M Nazmuz Sakib’s Climate Conflict Theory (CCT): A Formal Model, Empirical Strategy, and Real-World Applications
items: RESTRUCTURING THE INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE STRUCTURE IN GHANA: ADDRESSING DONOR FATIGUE, REDUCING DEPENDENCY, AND ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.
items: The Multidisciplinary Oeuvre of S M Nazmuz Sakib A Synthesis of Climate Science,Mathematics, Technology, and Social Theory
items: Emergence of Global Risks Since 2000 and the Reluctance of Organizations to Fully Embrace Risk Management Practices
items: (MIS) INFORMATION ON UN PEACE OPERATIONS
items: DIPLOMATIC DIALOGUES: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN SHAPING GLOBAL RELATIONS – A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA'S ENGAGEMENT WITH THE UNITED NATIONS
items: THE INTERSECTİON OF HUMAN RİGHTS AND INTERNATİONAL HUMANİTARİAN LAW: A CASE STUDY OF ARMED CONFLİCTS İN SUDAN

SAKIBPHOBIA, SOCIO-STABILITY, AND “SAKIBISM” AS CRITICAL APPROACHES IN SOCIOLEGAL RESEARCH: FORMAL MODELS, DATASETS, AND COMPUTATIONAL ASSESSMENT
type: item
description: Objective: We formalize two sociolegal analytical approaches derived from the discourse on Sakibphobia (fear/aversion toward higher achievers) and a complementary Socio-Stability model sometimes referenced as part of “Sakibism.” We (i) propose measurement models, (ii) operationalize macro-level indicators using publicly available data for Bangladesh, and (iii) test micro-level hypotheses via simulated survey data to demonstrate computational pipelines. Methods: For Sakibphobia, we specify a latent comparative-threat construct linking to punitive preferences with a logistic model, design a citation-forensics audit for (under)attribution, and implement robustness checks (bootstrap, sensitivity analysis). For Socio-Stability, we aggregate the World Justice Project Rule of Law Index (2023), Transparency International CPI (2023), World Bank WGI Political Stability (2023), Gini (2022), and homicide rates into a composite index using transparent normalization and weights. Results: Bangladesh’s observed indicators (Rule of Law ≈ 0.38; CPI = 23; WGI stability value ≈ −0.91; percentile ≈ 15.6; Gini = 33.4; homicide ≈ 2.2–2.3) yield a Socio-Stability score of ≈ 0.43 under equal weights. Simulated micro-data show that moderate comparative-threat increases can raise punitive preferences by 10–20% points in plausible ranges. Conclusions: The two approaches are distinct yet complementary: one interrogates micro-motives (Sakibphobia); the other tracks macro-order (Socio-Stability). We also outline a replicable audit protocol for credit/attribution without making unverified claims.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: S M Nazmuz Sakib
  topic: keywords
subject: Multidisciplinary Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Feedback
  topic: keywords
subject: Ge- ometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Blockchain
  topic: keywords
subject: International Relations
  topic: keywords
subject: Polymath.
  topic: keywords
creator: Nafija Alam Omi
creator: Sabiha Tabassum
creator: Eurid Al Muttakim
creator: Nur- E- Iman Nasim Taluk- Dar
creator: Mousumi Begum
creator: Mehedi Hasan
creator: Lubbabah Sugra Siddiqi Tamanna
creator: Israth Jahan Sonda
creator: Nazifa Thasin Rayna
creator: Jahidul Islam Sahed
creator: Sonjoy Chandra Roy
creator: Md. Sulaiman Hazbi
creator: Farhana Siddiqui
creator: Md. Saydul Islam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nafija Alam Omi, Dr. Sabiha Tabassum, Eurid Al Muttakim, Nur- E- Iman Nasim Taluk- Dar, Mousumi Begum, Mehedi Hasan, Lubbabah Sugra Siddiqi Tamanna, Israth Jahan Sonda, Nazifa Thasin Rayna, Jahidul Islam Sahed, Sonjoy Chandra Roy, Md. Sulaiman Hazbi, Farhana Siddiqui, Md. Saydul Islam (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 66
ending page: 76
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-2-1-101

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THIRD-PARTY FUNDING ON EXPANDING ACCESS TO ARBITRATION IN NIGERIA: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS.
type: item
description: The cost of arbitration proceedings could be challenging for certain parties and is capable of discouraging them from filing their matters for arbitration. Section 62 of the Arbitration and Mediation Act 2023 (AMA) introduced the practice of third-party funding (TPF) as a modern means of managing the cost, thereby increasing the access to arbitral remedies. The financial burden of the affected parties is lifted by the third-party funder, who provides financial support to one of the parties involved in the arbitration process (typically the claimant) in exchange for a portion of any financial award that may be obtained. This is particularly beneficial for parties who may have meritorious claims but lack the financial resources to pursue them.¹Despite its potential to increase access to justice, TPF faces challenges in Nigeria, including legal uncertainty, enforceability concerns, and cultural barriers. This research evaluates the current arbitration landscape in Nigeria, assessing the viability of TPF as a means to expand access to arbitration. This study identifies key opportunities for TPF to enhance access to arbitration in Nigeria. However, it also reveals significant challenges that must be addressed to ensure the successful adoption of TPF. Based on the findings, strategic recommendations are provided to stakeholders, including policymakers, arbitration institutions, and potential funders, to harness the benefits of TPF and promote greater access to arbitration in Nigeria. By addressing these challenges and leveraging opportunities, TPF can play a vital role in expanding access to arbitration in Nigeria, contributing to a more inclusive and effective dispute resolution landscape.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Valentine C. Muoma
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance
date: 2026-01-19
publication date: 2026-01-19
starting page: 25
ending page: 31
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-2-1-72

A REVIEW OF THE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR FOREIGN PARTICIPATION IN THE NIGERIAN BUSINESS ECOSYSTEM
type: item
description: As one of Africa’s largest economies, Nigeria offers a wide range of opportunities for foreigners to participate in its business sector. With the increasing growth in commercial activities in Nigeria, coupled with its population growth which currently stands at over 237 million, Nigeria offers a wide range of opportunities for both foreign direct and foreign portfolio investments. Foreign participation in business in Nigeria is regulated by various statutory and regulatory frameworks, which are all geared towards providing equal opportunities for both local players and foreign investors alike, to do business and thrive. This article aims to provide an in-depth exposure to the various legislative and regulatory requirements for foreign participation in business in Nigeria, dissecting the relevant legislations, regulatory bodies, relevant business structures and the procedural requirements for foreigners participating in the Nigerian business environment. Furthermore, this work appraises the potential challenges foreign investors might encounter and offers strategic recommendations towards a successful and seamless market entry for foreign investors. This work was initially prepared as a presentation, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a successful completion of My Internship experience at The Law Crest LLP.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: S M Nazmuz Sakib
  topic: keywords
subject: Multidisciplinary Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Feedback,
  topic: keywords
subject: Ge- ometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Blockchain
  topic: keywords
subject: International Relations
  topic: keywords
creator: Ekenobi ThankGod Chinonso
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance
date: 2026-01-20
publication date: 2026-01-20
starting page: 32
ending page: 43
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-2-1-57

THE GOVERNMENT STACK 2.0: A COMPOSABLE ARCHITECTURE THEORY FOR HYPERSCALE PUBLIC INNOVATION
type: item
description: Traditional theories of public administration fail to address the architectural requirements of digital-native governance in an era of exponential technological change. This paper presents Government Stack 2.0 (GovStack 2.0), a novel theoretical framework that applies platform architecture principles to reconceptualize government as a composable, API-first ecosystem. Drawing from complexity theory, network effects literature, and platform business models, we propose a four-layer architectural abstraction: Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS-Gov), Intelligence-as-a-Service (IntelaaS), Process-as-a-Service (PaaS-Gov), and Experience-as-a-Service (XaaS-Gov). Our theoretical contribution demonstrates how composable government architectures can achieve superlinear scaling through network effects, enabling what we term "hyperscale public innovation"—systemic improvements that compound exponentially rather than incrementally. This framework provides the theoretical foundation for understanding how governments can transition from monolithic, hierarchical structures to platform-native, network-centric organizations capable of continuous adaptation and citizen-obsessed service delivery.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Composable Architecture
  topic: keywords
subject: Platform Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Network Effects
  topic: keywords
subject: Hyperscale Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: API-First Government
  topic: keywords
subject: Complexity Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayse Kok Arslan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance
date: 2026-01-08
publication date: 2026-01-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-2-1-55

BALANCING COPYRIGHT PROTECTION & CREATIVE FREEDOM IN THEDIGITAL AGE: PATHWAY FOR ADAPTATION OF CREATIVE WORKS ONDIGITAL PLATFORMS IN NIGERIA
type: item
description: This work begins by giving a briefing of the concept of “intellectual property”; from which the concept of “copyright” itself is drawn, then the dynamics of protecting these copyrights are brought to light, the modes of breaching copyright are then portrayed; from which the infringement by adaptation is brought to light, the work goes further to (through an in-depth exploration of copyright principles, case laws and policy debates globally), examine what constitutes adaptation of works,the tension between protecting creator’s exclusive right and promoting creative freedom in the digital space and instances where it could constitute copyright infringement, the work also shoots briefly at examining what creative freedom ordinarily ought to look like before finally seeking to find a truce by peddling both sides with a proper balance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: Copyright
  topic: keywords
subject: Creative Freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: Intellectual Property
  topic: keywords
creator: Toluwanimi Festus Olusola
creator: Ayinde Hussein
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Toluwanimi Festus Olusola, Ayinde Hussein (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 44
ending page: 53
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-2-1-52

AN ANALYSIS ON THE LEGAL APPROACHES TO COMBAT PLASTIC POLLUTION IN BANGLADESH
type: item
description: Plastic pollution is a significant environmental problem in Bangladesh, induced by rapid urbanization, poor waste management, and a dearth of specialized legal regimes. The study, titled, An Analysis on the Legal Approaches to Combat Plastic Pollution in Bangladesh, adopts a qualitative approach based on secondary data from legislation, journal articles, and international reports. It assesses key legislations like the Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995, Mandatory Jute Packaging Act 2010, and Solid Waste Management Rules 2021. Findings reveal that while the legislations exhibit regulatory intent, their effectiveness is marred by weak enforcement, inadequate infrastructure, low public awareness, and a lack of legislation addressing the full lifecycle of plastics. Drawing from global best practice, particularly Rwanda and Germany, the study recommends enacting comprehensive legislation, enhancing enforcement, promoting alternatives, and harmonization with global treaties. The research emphasizes the urgency of robust legal and institutional reforms to combat plastic pollution in a sustainable manner.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Plastic pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: legal frameworks
  topic: keywords
subject: Bangladesh
  topic: keywords
subject: environment conservation
  topic: keywords
subject: jute packaging
  topic: keywords
subject: waste management
  topic: keywords
subject: circular economy
  topic: keywords
subject: enforcement
  topic: keywords
creator: Md. Sulaiman Hazbi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Md. Sulaiman Hazbi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 54
ending page: 65
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-2-1-50

TRANSFER PRICING IN INDIA: LITIGATION TRENDS AND POLICYRECOMMENDATIONS FOR DISPUTE RESOLUTION
type: item
description: This white paper examines the escalating issue of Transfer Pricing (TP) disputes and litigation in India, a critical concern amid the growth of multinational enterprises (MNEs). It investigates the primary causes of TP disputes—selection of comparables, choice of TP methodologies, royalty payments, intra-group services, and intercompany loans—using landmark case studies and statistical data. The paper analyzes litigation trends, highlighting India’s position among the top five countries for TP disputes, with resolution times averaging 5-7 years. It evaluates the effectiveness of dispute resolution mechanisms, including Advance Pricing Agreements (APAs), Mutual Agreement Procedures (MAPs), and the Dispute Resolution Panel (DRP). Recommendations include strengthening APA and MAP frameworks, introducing alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms, simplifying TP documentation, and leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) for risk assessment. The paper concludes that addressing these challenges can foster a more efficient and business-friendly tax environment in India.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transfer Pricing
  topic: keywords
subject: India, Litigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Dispute Resolution
  topic: keywords
subject: Taxation
  topic: keywords
creator: Mamta Khandelwal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance
date: 2026-01-10
publication date: 2026-01-10
starting page: 22
ending page: 24
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-2-1-48

E-Contracts and the Applicability of the Contract Act, 1872 in the Digital Era
type: item
description: The emergence of electronic contracts (e-contracts) has redefined the formation, execution, and enforcement of contracts in the digital age. In India, the legal framework governing e-contracts is primarily shaped by the Indian Contract Act, 1872 and supplemented by the Information Technology Act, 2000. However, the Contract Act—enacted in the 19th century—was not designed to accommodate the nuances of digital transactions, such as smart contracts, click-wrap agreements, and cross-border automated performance. This article critically examines the applicability of the Contract Act to e-contracts, exploring doctrinal challenges in offer, acceptance, consent, and consideration within digital environments. Through a comparative analysis of jurisdictions such as the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, and Singapore, the study highlights global best practices. It identifies key legislative and judicial gaps in the Indian context. The paper further examines the judicial responses in India and proposes targeted reforms to modernise the legal treatment of electronic contracts. Recommendations include legislative amendments, enhanced consumer protections, judicial specialisation, international harmonisation, and public awareness initiatives. The article concludes that without systematic legal reform, India risks undermining the enforceability and integrity of digital contracts, impeding both domestic innovation and international commercial engagement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: E-Contracts
  topic: keywords
subject: Indian Contract Act
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Consent
  topic: keywords
subject: Smart Contracts
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Reform
  topic: keywords
subject: Cyber Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Bluebook. I. Introduction
  topic: keywords
creator: Kazi Abdul Mannan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
starting page: 117
ending page: 137
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-1-1-22

S M Nazmuz Sakib’s National Electoral and Political Reform Mechanism (SAKIB’S NEPRM) Doctrine: A Ground-Up Approach to Fostering Transparent Democracy
type: item
description: The National Electoral and Political Reform Mechanism (SAKIB’S NEPRM), designed by S M Nazmuz Sakib, presents a holistic strategy to mitigate the prevailing political challenges in Bangladesh, such as electoral malpractices, political polarization, dynastic governance, media censorship, and insufficient citizen engagement in governance. SAKIB’S NEPRM introduces a multi-dimensional approach that empowers grassroots communities through the establishment of Electoral Monitoring Committees (LEMCs), facilitates inclusive political discourse via the Inclusive Political Dialogue Platform (IPDP), enhances public awareness through the Decentralized Political Education & Awareness Program (DPEAP), and safeguards media freedom through the Independent Media Monitoring & Protection Network (IMMPN). Furthermore, the framework proposes the formation of an autonomous institution, the Political Leadership Accountability & Transparency Board (PLATB), to ensure the accountability of political leaders and mitigate the influence of dynastic politics. SAKIB’S NEPRM incorporates adaptable, scalable solutions that are applicable across both urban and rural settings, ensuring the promotion of transparency, equity, and inclusivity within Bangladesh’s political landscape. By blending community-led accountability initiatives, technological innovations, and educational outreach, SAKIB’S NEPRM seeks to cultivate a more transparent, accountable, and participatory political system, thereby fortifying the democratic institutions of Bangladesh.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bangladesh
  topic: keywords
subject: electoral reform
  topic: keywords
subject: political transparency
  topic: keywords
subject: community-driven governance
  topic: keywords
subject: media independence
  topic: keywords
subject: political accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: dynastic rule
  topic: keywords
subject: citizen engagement
  topic: keywords
creator: Sabbir Shikdar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
starting page: 82
ending page: 116
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-1-1-29

Enforcing Stability through S M Nazmuz Sakib Socio-Stability Law and Societal Self-Preservation Through Marriage, Gender Roles, and Economic Control
type: item
description: This study proposes and investigates Sakib Socio-Stability Law, a term coined by S M Nazmuz Sakib, a theoretical framework positing that societies actively enforce traditional norms; particularly marriage, gendered expectations, and employment as self-preservation mechanisms against disruptions caused by evolving gender dynamics and economic shifts. Through qualitative analysis (case studies, semi-structured interviews, and content analysis), the research reveals persistent societal pressures on men to marry and assume provider roles despite women’s growing empowerment and financial independence. Key findings highlight contradictions in societal expectations: men face intensified pressure to conform to traditional marital and economic responsibilities even as women’s autonomy reshapes family structures and increases divorce rates. Simultaneously, society prioritizes stable employment over entrepreneurship to maintain systemic control, further entrenching gendered economic roles. Religion and culture emerge as critical reinforcers of these norms. The study argues that these mechanisms protect social stability at the cost of individual autonomy, often victimizing men amid changing power dynamics. It concludes that Sakib’s Law offers a vital lens for understanding societal resistance to gender equality and its implications for social cohesion, economic disparity, and individual agency.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sakib Socio-Stability Law
  topic: keywords
subject: societal self-preservation
  topic: keywords
subject: marriage norms
  topic: keywords
subject: gender roles
  topic: keywords
subject: traditional expectations
  topic: keywords
subject: men’s victimization
  topic: keywords
subject: women’s empowerment
  topic: keywords
creator: Mehedi Hasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
starting page: 39
ending page: 91
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-1-1-33

The S M Nazmuz Sakib Theory of International Relations (SIR Theory)
type: item
description: The S M Nazmuz Sakib Theory of International Relations (SIR Theory) conceptualizes international relations (IR) as a multilayer hypergame in which states, non-state actors, and institutions interact through overlapping combinatorial structures. In this theory, power is not a mere aggregation of attributes but is derived from the positional advantages actors hold within dynamic network configurations. SIR Theory introduces a comprehensive model of IR, consisting of four interlocking combinatorial systems: the Power Configuration Space (PCS), Interaction Matrix, Dynamic Stability Metric, and the Sakib Power Index (SPI). These systems allow for the quantification of actor influence, conflict probability, and optimal coalition formation through combinatorial optimization techniques. The theory is tested empirically, demonstrating its predictive power in forecasting alliance shifts and major conflicts. The approach also offers a framework for diplomatic interventions and optimizes the distribution of veto power in international organizations, such as the UN Security Council. By transforming IR analysis into a computational design science, the SIR Theory provides a method for preemptively preventing conflicts through strategic interventions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ombinatorial International Relations, Power Configuration, Hypergraph, Dynamic Stability, Sakib Power Index.
  topic: keywords
creator: Md. Ismail Jabiullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance
date: 2025-10-06
publication date: 2025-10-06
starting page: 154
ending page: 205
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-1-1-30

PROTECTION OF MUSLIM WOMEN'S RIGHTS THROUGH MARRIAGE REGISTRATION IN BANGLADESH: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
type: item
description: This research explores the protection of women's rights through marriage registration in Bangladesh, focusing on the underutilized provisions of the Nikah Nama, specifically Clause 17 and Clause 18, which provide critical protections such as maintenance, polygamy restrictions, and delegated divorce (Talaq Tawfeez). Despite being legally mandatory, marriage registration faces significant challenges due to cultural resistance, lack of awareness, and weak enforcement, particularly in rural areas. The study, through interviews with affected women, legal experts, and marriage registrars, highlights the gap between legal provisions and their practical implementation. The research suggests that with legal reforms, improved enforcement, public awareness campaigns, and better institutional support, marriage registration can be a powerful tool for empowering women and safeguarding their rights, thus contributing to gender justice in Bangladesh.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nikahnama
  topic: keywords
subject: Clause 17
  topic: keywords
subject: Clause 18
  topic: keywords
subject: Marriage Registration
  topic: keywords
subject: Muslim Women’s Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Bangladesh
  topic: keywords
creator: MEHEDI HASAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance
date: 2025-10-06
publication date: 2025-10-06
starting page: 138
ending page: 153
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-1-1-40

Sakibism and Sakibphobia in International Law and Politics: Conceptual Infographical Assessment of two theories of S M Nazmuz Sakib
type: item
description: This monograph systematizes two linked concepts—Sakibism and Sakibphobia—and explores their implications for international law and politics. Sakibism, attributed to S M Nazmuz Sakib, is a normative framework that pairs active neutrality, contextual awareness, and universal compassion with threshold-based transitions to non-neutral protective action. Sakibphobia is introduced as a diagnostic for status-linked aversion to high performers that may distort institutional decision-making. We propose designlevel guardrails, a neutrality–protection decision chart, and measurement indicators that translate values into practice. The work contributes to normative IR theory, interfaces with international law (sovereignty, non-intervention, IHL, Responsibility to Protect), and offers an implementable policy toolkit.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Md. Sulaiman Hazbi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance
date: 2025-10-24
publication date: 2025-10-24
starting page: 222
ending page: 234
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-1-1-41

S M Nazmuz Sakib’s Climate Conflict Theory (CCT): A Formal Model, Empirical Strategy, and Real-World Applications
type: item
description: We present a unified, formal statement of S M Nazmuz Sakib’s Climate Conflict Theory (CCT). CCT posits that exogenous climate shocks propagate through resource stress, economic pressure, and social grievance channels, moderated by institutions and adaptation, to elevate the risk and intensity of violence. We build a structural, dynamic system capturing (i) climate anomalies, (ii) resource and market responses, (iii) grievance accumulation and mobilization, (iv) spatial diffusion and migration, and (v) policy interventions. We derive comparative statics, stability conditions, and estimable reduced forms (hazard, Poisson, and event-study specifications), and outline an empirical strategy leveraging instruments such as large-scale climate oscillations. Applications (coastal cyclones, Sahel rainfall shocks, and urban heat waves) illustrate how the model guides diagnosis and policy design. Ten original diagrams provide conceptual, network, and risk-surface views, enabling direct implementation in data and simulation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: climate shocks; conflict; resource stress; adaptation; institutions; migration; hazard models; event study; instrumental variables; spatial diffusion
  topic: keywords
creator: Mirza MD. Tanvir Mahtab Faysal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance
date: 2025-10-11
publication date: 2025-10-11
starting page: 206
ending page: 212
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-1-1-42

RESTRUCTURING THE INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE STRUCTURE IN GHANA: ADDRESSING DONOR FATIGUE, REDUCING DEPENDENCY, AND ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.
type: item
description: Ghana has long relied on international assistance to support some of the country’s economic and social development particularly through civil society. However, donor fatigue, characterized by a decline in external aid due to shifting priorities and economic constraints of donor countries, poses a significant challenge to sustainable development. This paper explores the need for restructuring the international assistance system in Ghana to reduce aid dependency and enhance long-term sustainability. Key strategies include strengthening domestic resource mobilization, fostering public-private partnerships, enhancing governance and accountability, and promoting self-reliant economic growth. The paper also examines the role of alternative financing mechanisms, such as impact investing and regional collaborations, in ensuring sustainable development. By transitioning from aid dependence to a more resilient and self-sustaining economy, Ghana can mitigate the risks associated with fluctuating donor support and foster long-term progress. The paper will also map-out, track and keep a database for how much funding comes into the country as well as monitor and evaluate how these resources are distributed in the spirit of accountability. This will also help to determine the distribution of roles and how the government can pursue and break the dependency on foreign assistance. Using a quantitative research design, data will be collected through questionnaire from 750 respondents and analyzed using simple statistics such as pie charts, bar charts and histograms. Overall, this research is significant as it contributes to the existing knowledge on utilizing donor assistance in Ghana and provides insights into how civil society organizations and the international aid architecture can develop and implement sustainable sensitive policies and programs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Global assistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Power Dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: Ghana
  topic: keywords
subject: Civil society
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable development,
  topic: keywords
subject: Donor Fatigue
  topic: keywords
creator: Naazia Ibrahim
creator: Maclean Ninsaw Gbati
creator: Haruna Iddrisu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance
date: 2026-01-10
publication date: 2026-01-10
starting page: 9
ending page: 21
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-2-1-37

The Multidisciplinary Oeuvre of S M Nazmuz Sakib A Synthesis of Climate Science,Mathematics, Technology, and Social Theory
type: item
description: This thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of the prolific and remarkably diverse academic contributions of S M Nazmuz Sakib. Sakib’s work defies conventional disciplinary boundaries, spanning climate science, pure and applied mathematics, software engineering, international relations, environmental policy, and medical technology. This study synthesizes his key hypotheses, theorems, and models to elucidate the underlying intellectual framework that connects these disparate fields. The thesis is structured into five core chapters. First, it examines Sakib’s foundational work in climate dynamics, particularly his Aerosol-Sea Ice Feedback hypothesis and its implications for Arctic geopolitics. Second, it delves into his novel contributions to geometry, analyzing his eponymous laws and theorems. Third, it explores his applied research in technology, including blockchain, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), and artificial intelligence. Fourth, it investigates his social and political theories, such as the Socio-Stability Law and the National Electoral Reform Mechanism. Finally, the thesis critiques the methodological approaches evident across his publications. The research concludes that Sakib represents a modern polymath, whose work, characterized by its bold interdisciplinary synthesis, offers unique solutions to complex global challenges. The thesis utilizes textual analysis and conceptual modeling, supported by 20 original LaTeX visualizations, to map the intricate connections within Sakib’s expansive intellectual landscape.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: S M Nazmuz Sakib, Multidisciplinary Research, Climate Feedback, Ge- ometry, Blockchain, International Relations, Polymath
  topic: keywords
creator: Nazifa Thasin Rayna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance
date: 2025-10-22
publication date: 2025-10-22
starting page: 213
ending page: 221
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-1-1-44

Emergence of Global Risks Since 2000 and the Reluctance of Organizations to Fully Embrace Risk Management Practices
type: item
description: The emergence of global risks since the year 2000 has reshaped the dynamics of organizational resilience, governance, and strategy. This paper examines the trajectory of systemic risks—including financial crises, terrorism, pandemics, climate change, cyber threats, and geopolitical instability—while highlighting organizational responses and the persistent reluctance to adopt comprehensive risk management frameworks. Beginning with the dot-com collapse and the September 11 terrorist attacks, the early twenty-first century demonstrated the fragility of interconnected global systems. Subsequent crises, such as the 2007–2008 financial collapse, the intensification of climate-related events, and the COVID-19 pandemic, further revealed structural deficiencies in risk preparedness and response mechanisms. Cybersecurity incidents and the ethical challenges posed by emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence have underscored the risks' dynamic and multidimensional nature in an increasingly digitalized world. Despite recurring crises, organizational adoption of robust risk management practices remains inconsistent. Key factors contributing to this reluctance include short-termism, resource constraints, regulatory gaps, organizational culture, and cognitive biases that underestimate risk exposure. These barriers perpetuate vulnerabilities and hinder the institutionalization of proactive risk governance. The consequences of neglecting risk management are significant, encompassing financial instability, reputational erosion, operational fragility, and strategic obsolescence. This article argues for the urgent integration of risk management into organizational strategy, governance, and culture. Recommendations include board-level engagement, cross-functional collaboration, scenario analysis, technological integration, and proactive stakeholder communication. By transitioning from a reactive to a proactive paradigm, organizations can convert risk management into a sourc…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Sonjai Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
starting page: 235
ending page: 238

(MIS) INFORMATION ON UN PEACE OPERATIONS
type: item
description: This study examines the impact of (mis)information on united nations (un) peace operations, exploring how inaccuracies and deliberate distortions affect their effectiveness and credibility. In the age of digital media, the proliferation of misinformation poses significant challenges to peacekeeping efforts by influencing public perception, undermining trust, and complicating operational dynamics. Through a review of case studies and analysis of media narratives, this research highlights how (mis)information has shaped the discourse surrounding un peace operations, revealing patterns of misinformation and its repercussions on mission success. The study also evaluates strategies for countering misinformation and enhancing communication to safeguard the integrity and efficacy of peace operations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: un peace operations
  topic: keywords
subject: misinformation
  topic: keywords
subject: media influence
  topic: keywords
subject: peacekeeping effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: public perception
  topic: keywords
creator: Abraham ename mınko
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
starting page: 01
ending page: 08
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-1-1-15

DIPLOMATIC DIALOGUES: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN SHAPING GLOBAL RELATIONS – A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA'S ENGAGEMENT WITH THE UNITED NATIONS
type: item
description: This study investigated the role of political communication in shaping global relations, focusing on Nigeria's engagement with the United Nations. The research aimed to understand how Nigeria's diplomatic dialogues and communication strategies influenced its international standing and policy outcomes. Using qualitative analysis of speeches, official statements, and diplomatic correspondence from Nigerian representatives at the UN, along with interviews with diplomats and UN officials, the study identified key themes and messages in Nigeria's political communication. Case studies on Nigeria's participation in UN peacekeeping missions, climate change diplomacy, and economic development advocacy demonstrated the effectiveness of strategic communication in enhancing Nigeria's global image and securing international support. The findings revealed that Nigeria's well-crafted political messages and negotiation tactics significantly impacted its relationships with other countries and international organizations. The study concluded that effective political communication is crucial for successful diplomatic engagements and recommended that Nigeria and other African nations enhance their communication strategies to strengthen their influence in global affairs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Political Communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Diplomatic Dialogues
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
subject: United Nations
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Relations
  topic: keywords
creator: ABRAHAM ENAME MINKO
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
starting page: 20
ending page: 38
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-1-1-14

THE INTERSECTİON OF HUMAN RİGHTS AND INTERNATİONAL HUMANİTARİAN LAW: A CASE STUDY OF ARMED CONFLİCTS İN SUDAN
type: item
description: The armed conflicts in Sudan present a prolonged and intricate humanitarian crisis marked by widespread human rights abuses and violations of international humanitarian law (IHL). This research delves into the complex interplay between human rights principles and IHL within Sudan's conflict context, aiming to offer insights into challenges, dilemmas, and potential solutions in conflict-ridden African regions. Sudan's history is marred by various conflicts such as the Darfur conflict and the Second Sudanese Civil War, resulting in significant displacement, loss of life, and systematic violations of human rights and IHL. Understanding these conflicts' dynamics and their impact on civilians is crucial for developing effective strategies to address humanitarian concerns and foster peace and stability. Challenges in addressing human rights violations and ensuring IHL compliance in Sudan include blurred lines between state and non-state actors, asymmetric warfare, and complex socio-political dynamics. Non-state armed groups often operate outside international law, leading to human rights abuses like indiscriminate attacks on civilians and recruitment of child soldiers. State actors may also violate IHL through actions like arbitrary detention and restrictions on humanitarian access. This research adopts a multi-disciplinary approach, drawing on international law, political science, sociology, and conflict studies to analyze root causes and identify avenues for conflict resolution, peacebuilding, and human rights promotion. It critically evaluates the role of regional and international actors, offering practical recommendations to enhance human rights protection and IHL compliance in Sudan and similar African conflict zones.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sudan
  topic: keywords
subject: Armed conflicts
  topic: keywords
subject: Human rights
  topic: keywords
subject: International humanitarian law (IHL)
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
creator: ABRAHAM ENAME MINKO
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Political Science, Law & Governance https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
starting page: 9
ending page: 19
doi: 10.63456/jpslg-1-1-12